Selenium contamination in the Colorado River Basin, western USA： Remediation by leaching and nanof＇dtration membranes     

YousifK. Kharaka Evangelos G. Kakouros James J. Thordsen David L. Naftz 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):100-101

Selenium （Se） is an essential micronutrient to biota, but can become a potent toxicant at elevated concentrations. The natural sources and chemical properties of Se species make the boundary between deficiency and toxicity narrow for some biota, with both phenomena common around the globe. Large areas of farmland in the Colorado River Basin （CRB） generate salinized drainage water with Se concentrations much higher than 5 μg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic water-quality criterion for the protection of aquatic life. We have carried out detailed field and laboratory studies to investigate Se geochemistry and remediation in two of these areas： the Middle Green River Basin, Utah and the Salton Sea Basin, California, located respectively in the Upper and Lower CRB. Results from these and other studies show that approximately 90% of the dissolved Se in the Colorado River and its tributaries originally is derived from the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale and equivalent pyritic marine units that outcrop in the Upper CRB. Selenium is mobilized commonly by biogeochemical oxidation of this pyritic shale and is concentrated mainly as selenate （SeO4^2-） in soils and agricultural drainage water of dry climates by evaporation. Minor （0%-5%） amounts of Se are present as the selenite species （HSeO3^-） and （SEO3^2-）, but these species and the more reduced species, elemental Se （SeO） and selenide （Se^2-）, have much lower solubility and/or have high sorptive affinity towards organic matter, clay minerals and iron oxyhydroxides. The concentration of dissolved Se （-2.5 μg/L） and salinity in the Lower Colorado River water are among the highest of the world major rivers. Because of low precipitation （7 cm/a） and extreme evapotranspiration （-1.8 m/a） rates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, Se values in irrigation water imported from the Colorado River increase to 〉300 μg/L in drainage wastewater. Removal of Se from contaminated wastewater by nanofiltration membranes was demonstrated in laboratory and pilot-scale field experiments.  相似文献   

Application of membrane technology for water treatment： Ultrasound-associated cleaning of fouled microfiltration membranes     

Rui CHEN Xiaoli WANG Yonggang ZHANG Xueqi FU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):128-129

The use of membranes is a widely employed, versatile, and effective separation process. One of the limiting aspects in applying microfiltration （MF） for wastewater treatment is that of problems with membrane fouling and consequent flux reduction. Membrane fouling occurs by the irreversible deposition of retained particles, colloids, macromolecules, salts, etc. at the membrane surface and/or inside the membrane. The predominant fouling mechanisms observed with MF membranes are classified as three categories： the build-up of a cake layer on the membrane surface, blocking of membrane pores, and adsorption of fouling material on the membrane surface or in the pore walls. Although many techniques have been developed to overcome fouling, studies on membrane cleaning still seem to be insufficient for practical membrane filtration systems. Current membrane cleaning technologies include hydraulic, chemical, and mechanical methods. Ultrasound （US） has been widely used as a method of cleaning materials because of the cavitation phenomenon. In this study, US cleaning technique was applied to removing the fouling of polyvinglidenefluoride （PVDF） MF membrane, which was used to treat yeast cell and isolated soybean protein （ISP） solution, respectively. The US employed 40 kHz frequency and the output power of 1.43-2.85 W/cm^2. The evolution of the cleaning effect is followed by the measurements of the flux recovery rate （FRstat） and the cleaning time cycle. Results showed that the membrane property, which was fouled by yeast cell solution, could be recovered by water cleaning with US irradiation. And the cleaning time with the same FRstat decreased with the increase of US intensity.  相似文献   

低浓度磷酸一酯的膜富集和气相色谱测定     

翁建华 Lee.  HB 《水文》1999,33(4):19-21

磷酸一酯（ＲＯ）Ｐ（Ｏ）（ＯＨ）２是一种强极性的有机磷化合物。研究了水体中磷酸一（１－萘）酯的富集和上色谱分析,建立了一个简便快速、高灵敏度、实用的分析方法。富集是采用固相萃取方法,选用载有十八烷基硅烷的尼龙滤膜吸附,甲醇洗脱,回收率达７２％￣７％。它的气相色谱分析选用ＢＳＴＦＡ为衍生剂,反应条件为温度６５℃,反应时间３０ｍｉｎ,获得了满意的结果。方法的最低检测限为０。０６ｎｇ。  相似文献   

气态膜回收氰化物的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李芳  苏庆平 《矿物岩石》1999,19(2):101-104

气态膜是一种新型的膜分离技术,适用于从水溶液中分离提取挥发性物质。本文对气态膜回收氰化物的迁移机理及各种影响因素进行了研究,结果表明：传质速率与料液浓度呈现线性递增关系;吸收液浓度、流速和料液浓度、流速在一定范围内影响传质速率;温度升高,传质加快;膜孔径及孔隙率增大,传质速率也随之增大。  相似文献   

安康一次连续性暴雨过程分析          下载免费PDF全文

王洁  李涛伟  党红梅  王显安 《山西气象》2004,(2):17-19

根据不同代表点降水资源特征，通过对渗水地膜性能与栽培试验结果分析，得出了进行渗水地膜栽培可提高干旱、半干旱地区10mm以下降水利用率的结论，展望了旱作农业区使用渗水地膜的前景。  相似文献   

SMBR中污染物处理效率随污泥浓度变化的数学模型     

陈兆波  任南琪  呼冬雪  王爱杰 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

以一体式膜生物反应器(SMBR)对生活污水进行处理,研究不同水力停留时间(HRT)条件下污泥浓度对有机物去除率的影响,并对所得试验数据进行曲线拟合,建立有机物去除率与污泥浓度的数学模型。试验结果表明:在溶解氧(DO)浓度为2.0～3.0mg/L的条件下,HRT为3h、2h和1h时,有机物去除率(η)随着污泥浓度的增大而增大,但当污泥浓度增大到6000mg/L时,η增大趋势逐渐减小,并趋于稳定。有机物去除率与污泥浓度的数学模型表明:有机物去除率(η)与水力停留时间(τ)、进水COD浓度(S_o)和污泥负荷率(N_s)等主要运行参数有关,并可以通过调节运行参数τ、S_o和N_s来达到所需要的COD去除率。  相似文献   

外源污染物对硬骨鱼甲状腺干扰作用机制的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

田华  霸婉玉 《海洋通报》2021,(5)

甲状腺激素在鱼类生长发育、变态、生殖、渗透调节以及摄食和营养代谢中发挥着重要作用,外源化合物对硬骨鱼的甲状腺干扰作用会导致发育和孵化延迟、运动性降低。本文首先对鱼类甲状腺激素的中枢调控、合成、转运、代谢和发挥作用的相关过程进行简要介绍,随后从核受体介导途径、非受体介导途径两个方面综述了外源污染物对硬骨鱼甲状腺的干扰作用机制,最后从物种特异性、检测指标、膜受体介导途径三个方面提出了目前研究的不足之处以及解决方法,以期为今后探究外源污染物对鱼类甲状腺系统干扰作用机制的研究提供更多的参考。  相似文献   

重组藻胆蛋白与高等植物类囊体膜之间能量传递的研究     

尚孟慧  臧晓南  林娇娇  李瑞  毕莹  徐晓婷 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(5)

为了探究藻胆蛋白与高等植物类囊体膜之间的光能传递规律,验证重组藻胆蛋白是否可以与高等植物类囊体膜之间的光能传递,本研究分别提取了重组藻红蛋白、重组藻蓝蛋白以及菠菜和韭菜的类囊体进行混合孵育,然后进行了全波长吸收光谱以及荧光光谱检测。结果显示:混合孵育时间为10~20 min有利于重组藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白与类囊体膜结合并进行光能传递,最适混合孵育时间随重组藻胆蛋白和类囊体的种类不同而稍有不同;重组藻红蛋白不能与菠菜或韭菜的类囊体膜直接发生光能传递,但是当体系中添加重组藻蓝蛋白的时候就可以;重组藻蓝蛋白可以与类囊体中的叶绿素a直接进行光能传递,使得叶绿素a的荧光发射峰值显著提升,当藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白的比例是1∶2时,光能传递效率较高。本研究为藻胆蛋白在构建新型光合系统中的应用提供实验依据。  相似文献   

商业平板式超滤膜包完整性检验：对海洋胶体生物地球化学研究的启示     

LIN Liangshi  CAI Yihu  SUN Xiuwu  CHEN Min 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):109-116

The performance and integrity of a cassette cross-flow ultrafilter(Pellicon 2, Millipore) are examined with a suite of macromolecules of different molecular masses. The retention coefficient during the cross-flow ultrafiltration experiments increases with increasing molecular mass and reaches 90% with 10 kDa dextran in both milli-Q water and ultrafiltered seawater media. Based on a 90% retention coefficient, the molecular mass cut-off for the ultrafiltration membrane is defined at 10 kDa, which is ten times(1 kDa) that rated by the manufacturer. To further validate the accuracy of the laboratory calibration, the samples from the lower Zhujiang River and the Jiulong River Estuary are ultrafiltered with the cassette ultrafiltration membrane and the colloidal organic carbon abundances in these samples are quantified with the ultrafiltration permeation model based on time series permeation subsamples. The colloidal organic carbon abundances are 5.8%–21.1% in the Jiulong River Estuary and 5.6%–11.0% in the lower Zhujiang River. These are consistent with the reported values for both estuaries as well as with the colloidal organic carbon abundances in marine environments over the coastal and open oceans with 10 kDa cut-off membranes. Therefore, these field data support the laboratory calibration result and indicate the validity of the experimental and quantification procedure adopted. The discrepancy between the nominal molecular mass cut-off and the actual pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane should be of great concern for research in colloidal and nanoparticle biogeochemistry. Careful examination of the membrane integrity should be taken during ultrafiltration experiments in order to avoid misleading molecular mass cut-off information.  相似文献   

条斑紫菜类囊体膜蛋白质组双向电泳研究方法     

周伟  何林文  陆勤勤  朱建一  高山  杨睿灵  杨芳  王广策 《海洋科学》2014,38(3):63-68

以蓝绿温和胶电泳为工具,首次在国内用于条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)类囊体膜色素蛋白质复合物的研究。结果显示:(1)利用非离子型去污剂十二烷基麦芽糖苷(DM)增溶条斑紫菜类囊体膜,DM/Chla(w/w)15︰1产生的效果较好,在BN-PAGE胶中可以分离到较多较清晰的条带。(2)选取蔗糖密度层50%条带制备得到的类囊体膜样品进行第一向BN-PAGE和第二向SDS-Urea-PAGE电泳实验。第一向电泳分离出4个蛋白复合物,对第二向电泳胶上的15个蛋白点切取做质谱鉴定,检测到PSⅡ47ku,PSⅡ44ku,cytochrome f,PSⅡD2,PSⅡD1等蛋白。本实验证实了温和胶电泳与SDS电泳结合对于条斑紫菜这种原始红藻的类囊体膜研究方面应用的可行性。  相似文献